Alea London Limited ("Insurer") appeals the circuit court's denial of its Rule 60(b), SCRCP motion to set aside the order of a special referee that granted Elisa Narruhn ("Narruhn") an assignment of rights in supplemental proceedings held in conjunction with another lawsuit. We affirm as modified.
Narruhn brought a lawsuit seeking damages against RKC Entertainment, L.L.C., d/b/a The Red Room ("RKC"), and Ardon Percevial Cato, II ("Cato") after she was shot and injured by Cato while she was a customer at The Red Room, a nightclub in Myrtle Beach. Thereafter, by order of reference, a special referee was directed to conduct supplemental proceedings to determine if there were any assets available to satisfy the judgment. After a hearing, the special referee issued an order granting Narruhn an assignment of any and all rights, including any claims, that RKC might have against Insurer, who had previously issued a liability insurance policy to RKC for The Red Room.
Narruhn then brought the current lawsuit against Insurer and Anderson General Insurance, the producing agency, seeking actual and punitive damages and alleging, inter alia, the failure to pay or defend a claim. Insurer filed a Rule 60(b) motion to set aside the order of the special referee granting Narruhn an assignment of rights.
As to the issue of timeliness, we agree with Insurer that the circuit court erroneously considered the date of the order of reference in calculating the timeliness of Insurer's Rule 60(b) motion, rather than the date of the challenged order, which is the special referee's order granting Narruhn an assignment of rights. The special referee's order granting Narruhn an assignment of RKC's rights was filed on March 8, 2010. Insurer's motion challenging that order was made pursuant to the provisions of Rule 60(b)(1) (surprise), (b)(4) (void), and (b)(5) (inequitable) on or about December 10, 2010.
Motions under Rule 60(b)(1), (2), or (3) must be made within a reasonable time, but not later than one year of the order taken, and those under (4) and (5) are subject only to the reasonable time limitation. Insurer's motion was clearly timely under these parameters as it was made well within one year of the date of the special referee's order granting the assignment and within a reasonable time. See Rule 60(b), SCRCP ("The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) not more than one year after the judgment, order or proceeding was entered or taken."); BB & T v. Taylor, 369 S.C. 548, 633 S.E.2d 501 (2006) (stating the decision to deny or grant a motion made pursuant to Rule 60(b), SCRCP is within the sound discretion of the trial judge, which will not be disturbed unless the order of the court is controlled by an error of law or is based on factual findings that are without evidentiary support).
As to the issue of authority, we find the circuit court did have the authority to rule on Insurer's motion. Since the special referee had already entered a final order regarding the supplemental proceedings as directed under the order of reference, the special referee had no remaining duties to perform, and the matter was properly before the circuit court. Because the Rule 60(b) motion presents a separate matter, it
As to the issue of standing, the circuit court found the Rule 60(b) motion was not properly before it and should, therefore, be denied because Insurer was not a party to the order from which it sought relief. See Rule 60(b), SCRCP ("On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or his legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding...." (emphasis added)).
As an initial matter, we question whether Insurer has preserved an objection to the circuit court's ruling on standing. Insurer did not specifically set forth any challenge to this independent basis for the circuit court's denial of the Rule 60(b) motion in its Statement of Issues on Appeal and, although it made an implied reference to standing in the conclusion of its brief, it cited none of the authorities that it belatedly advanced during the oral argument of this matter. See Rule 208(b)(1)(B), SCACR ("Ordinarily, no point will be considered which is not set forth in the statement of the issues on appeal."); id. Rule 208(b)(1)(D) ("The brief shall be divided into as many parts as there are issues to be argued. At the head of each part, the particular issue to be addressed shall be set forth in distinctive type, followed by discussion and citations of authority.").
In any event, we find the cases and argument advanced by Insurer do not support Insurer's position that the circuit court erred in finding it did not have standing to make a Rule 60(b) motion because it was not a party to the challenged judgment. In McClurg v. Deaton, 380 S.C. 563, 671 S.E.2d 87 (Ct.App. 2008), aff'd 395 S.C. 85, 716 S.E.2d 887 (2011), the employer of a party filed a motion to intervene in the case, which was
The concurring/dissenting opinion concludes Insurer did have standing to bring a challenge by means of a Rule 60(b) motion. The opinion contends the assignment was in error because notice and an opportunity to be heard must be afforded to Insurer before its rights may be affected, citing, inter alia, S.C.Code Ann. § 15-39-350 (2005) (governing the examination of debtors of a judgment debtor) and Johnson v. Service Management, Inc., 319 S.C. 165, 168, 459 S.E.2d 900, 902 (Ct.App.1995) (stating where funds are held by a third party, "the funds on deposit could be reached only after the supplementary proceedings were held to examine [the third party] with regard to the account").
We note Johnson refers to the need for supplemental proceedings, which were held in the current matter with all necessary parties present, and section 15-39-350 speaks in terms of the "discretionary authority" of the court to question a third party when it deems it necessary, as indicated by the statute's use of "may" rather than "shall."
Lastly, to the extent Insurer argues the merits of its Rule 60(b) motion in its brief, i.e., that the special referee erred in granting an assignment of rights to Narruhn,
As noted above, however, Insurer has retained all of its defenses and rights under the insurance contract, and said
Based on the foregoing, the circuit court's order denying Insurer's Rule 60(b) motion to set aside the order of the special referee is affirmed as modified.
HEARN, J., and Acting Justice JAMES E. MOORE, concur.
Acting Chief Justice PLEICONES, concurring in a separate opinion.
KITTREDGE, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part in a separate opinion.
Acting Chief Justice PLEICONES.
I concur in the result here which allows appellant to assert all its rights, including any defenses, in respondent's pending action against appellant. I write separately because while I agree with Justice Beatty that appellant lacked standing to bring this Rule 60(b) motion, I also agree with Justice Kittredge that we should not reach the merits of appellant's anti-assignment argument both because without standing the merits are not before the Court, and because respondent has stipulated that appellant retains all of its defenses and rights under the insurance contract. I therefore concur in the decision to affirm the circuit court's denial of appellant's Rule 60(b) motion.
Justice KITTREDGE.
I concur in part and dissent in part. I respectfully dissent from this Court's advisory opinion concerning the efficacy of the anti-assignment provision in the insurance policy. I otherwise concur in result only because of the stipulation that Appellant Alea London Limited's rights remain fully preserved, notwithstanding the clearly erroneous order of the circuit court denying Rule 60(b), SCRCP, relief. As noted by the majority, "Narruhn conceded at oral argument that [Appellant]
I write separately because I fundamentally disagree with the suggestion that Appellant lacked standing to challenge the order of the special referee assigning the insured's rights under the policy. I find it breathtaking and a Due Process violation for a court to unilaterally and without notice affect and potentially impair a third party's contract rights and then deny that third party the ability and standing to challenge the court order.
The facts are not in dispute. Elisa Narruhn was injured in a shooting at The Red Room, a Myrtle Beach nightclub. The Red Room is owned by RKC Entertainment, LLC (RKC). Narruhn obtained a default judgment against RKC and sought to enforce the judgment through supplemental proceedings. The matter was referred to a special referee who, at the request of Narruhn, referred to the insurance policy as a "chose in action." With the insurance policy characterized as a chose in action, the special referee believed he had the authority to assign RKC's contract rights under the insurance policy to Narruhn. As stated, this was accomplished without notice to Appellant. This was error.
It is not necessary to decide the correctness of the chose in action designation. Even assuming the insurance policy was properly characterized as a chose in action by the special referee, it was improper to effect an assignment of the insurance policy without notice to Appellant. The law is clear — if an account or asset of a judgment debtor is held by a third party, that account or asset may be reached in supplemental
South Carolina Code section 15-39-350 provides:
(emphasis added). Here, no affidavit was presented to the special referee, and Appellant was given no notice and opportunity to appear.
Armed with the assignment, Narruhn filed the underlying action seeking actual and punitive damages for failure to pay or defend a claim. Appellant was served and then learned, for the first time, of the special referee's assignment of RKC's rights under the insurance policy to Narruhn. Appellant filed the Rule 60(b) motion understandably claiming "surprise."
This case may well illustrate the reasons why section 15-39-350, as well as basic notions of due process, require the providing of notice and opportunity to be heard to a third party before its rights may be affected. This is so because Appellant attempted to demonstrate in its Rule 60(b) motion
With great respect for the majority, I believe it ventures inappropriately into the merits of Appellant's anti-assignment challenge. We are to believe that Appellant, which the majority assumes has no standing because its rights were not affected by the special referee's order, may assert all of its defenses in the underlying action. Yet today, this Court sends an unmistakable message to the trial court that Appellant's reliance on the policy's anti-assignment provision is meritless. The Court speculates that "it appears the referee did not believe [Appellant's] approval of the assignment of RKC's rights was required." I speculate that the referee had no clue that the policy had an anti-assignment provision, for it would not have served the mutual interests of Narruhn and RKC to inform the referee of the terms of the policy. After an extensive discussion indicating that an assignment after a loss has already occurred does not require an insurer's consent, the majority correctly observes that the issue "is not properly before this Court." Does one really expect the trial court to view this issue without regard to the Court's advisory view of the anti-assignment provision? We are doing the same thing the special referee did — prematurely and adversely affecting Appellant's rights. I dissent from the Court's advisory opinion.
Perhaps in recognition of the erroneous rulings of the special referee and the circuit court, Narruhn made her concession at oral argument, acknowledging that Appellant retains all of its rights in the pending action. It is solely because of the stipulation fully preserving Appellant's rights that I otherwise concur in result.